Angola
Angola is a Kongo Kingdom that emerged as the most powerful kingdom in the 14th century. In 1575 the Portuguese established a colony in Luanda and shared diplomatic relations with the Kongo Kingdom (Thorton & Clarence- Smith, n.d). By 1617 the Portuguese controlled large portions of the state. Portugal involved itself in the slave trade in Angola from this time period until it was officially outlawed in Portugal in 1875 (Thorton & Clarence- Smith, n.d). Slave trade in this country ended due largely to the industrial revolution in Europe that placed greater emphasis on cheap goods such as cloth, metal, and many natural resources. As a result, the state of Angola began exporting resources like honey, wild rubber, and ivory among other things (Thorton & Clarence- Smith, n.d). As more Portuguese began to arrive in Angola a fishing market, railroad, and coffee plantations began to define the country. This struggle between Angola and Portugal continued until the Portuguese officially withdrew from the state in 1975 (Thorton & Clarence- Smith, n.d.). |
Namibia
The first conquistadors of Namibia were the Nama people who composed 80% of the country and were apart of the Khoekhoe ethnic group (Green, 2017). The Nama people and the Herero people composed the majority of Namibia prior to European arrival. British conquistadors found their place in the country in the 1870s when they formed a treaty with the Herero people. However, London was not willing to allocate sufficient money which led to Germany attempting to colonize the same region in 1885 (Green, 2017). By 1900, German settlers were present and the building was underway from Swakopmund and Lüderitz. Similarly, a copper, zinc and diamond mining industry was created (Green, 2017). This made Namibia a very important region in southern Africa. |
South African Republic
The South African Republic was a 19th century Boar state that was established by Boer migrants who originated from the British controlled Cape Colony. It's existence was recognized in 1852 from the Sand River Convention. The South Africa Republic was annexed by Great Britain in 1877 in an attempt to federate the colonies of South Africa (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009). This decision was made after gold and diamonds were discovered in the colony. However, after the defeat of Britain in the Battle of Majuba Hill led to the independence of the South African republic. This independence was short lived as the British began a series of military conquests beginning in 1886. One of the most notable conquests was the Jameson Raid in December of 1895 that was unsuccessful, but provoked the Second Boer War (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009). The British prevailed in 1900, and the region became the Crown Colony of Transvaal. In 1910 the state was absorbed into the Union of South Africa (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009).
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